Enhancing Productivity
Directors' Report
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Internal controls
The Board is ultimately responsible for the group's system of internal controls and for reviewing its effectiveness. However, such a system is designed to manage rather than eliminate risk of failure to meet business objectives and can provide only reasonable and not absolute assurance against material misstatement or loss.

Consistent with the guidance provided for directors on internal control by the Financial Reporting Council (Internal Control: Guidance for Directors on the Combined Code), the Board confirms that there is an ongoing process for identifying, evaluating and managing assessed significant risks faced by the group, that this has been in place for the year under review and up to the date of approval of the annual report and accounts, that this process has been reviewed by the Board during the year and that the group accords with the guidance. The Board affirms the importance it attaches to the continuous review and application of the guidance, the regular and systematic assessment of the risks facing the group and the value of embedding risk management and internal control systems within its business processes. The group has an internal audit function which reviews the design and effectiveness of internal controls across the group's operations.

The processes which the Board and the audit committee have applied in reviewing the effectiveness of the group's system of internal controls are summarised below:

  • an established process is in place whereby each business unit regularly assesses, evaluates and reports risks of group significance. Each business unit is required to document the management and mitigating actions in place and proposed;
  • regular review of the status of risks and corresponding mitigating actions ensure that risk management is embedded in day-to-day management processes and decision-making as well as in the annual strategic planning cycle;
  • the effectiveness of risk management and mitigating actions is reviewed regularly by the executive directors and twice yearly by the audit committee;
  • additionally, the executive directors consider those risks to the group’s strategic objectives which are not addressed within the business units and develop appropriate approaches to managing and mitigating these risks;
  • annual financial plans for each business unit, significant capital investments or contractual commitments and major acquisitions or divestments are all subject to review and approval by the Board;
  • a Group Accounting and Policies Manual sets out the minimum standards and procedures to be applied in relation to those risk areas which are regarded as significant in a group context;
  • a process of self-assessment of compliance with the Manual and reporting thereon has been established, providing for a documented trail of accountability from business unit presidents and finance directors to the audit committee. The necessary actions are taken by the audit committee to remedy any failings or weaknesses identified by its review of the internal control system;
  • the executive directors report to the Board on changes in the business and external environment which present significant risks. The group finance director provides the Board with monthly financial information which includes key performance indicators and information on the group's operating segments. Regular reports on significant legal issues and insurance matters are received from the company secretary.


Going concern
Having reviewed the group’s plans and available financial facilities, the Board has a reasonable expectation that the group has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. For this reason it continues to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the group’s accounts.

Business Review
The information that fulfils the requirements of the Business Review, as required by Section 417 of the Companies Act 2006, and which should be treated as forming part of this report by reference, is included in the following sections of the annual report:


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